Project supports the control of DC motor by using glove interpreter. The glove, used as hand covering and flex sensors will be attached on the glove which senses the hand movement.
Flex sensors are sensors that change the resistance depending on the amount of bend on the sensor. It converts the change in bend to electrical resistance. The resistance value of the sensor will be converted into voltage value by using voltage divider. PSoC 5 is a true system- level solution providing microcontroller unit MCU , memory, analog, and digital peripheral functions in a single chip. Necessary program is done in the PSoC Creator.
It is used in a wide range of applications, depending on resolution, sample rate, and operating mode. They can produce bit audio; high speed and low resolution for communications processing; and high- precision bit low-speed conversions for sensors such as strain gauges, thermocouples, and other high precision sensors.
All versions provide the same basic functionality. They differ only in the amount of resources used. For most use cases, you can easily configure the UART by choosing the baud rate, parity, number of data bits, and number of start bits. This is the default configuration for the UART component. The UART component supports 9-bit addressing mode with hardware address detect, as well as a TX output enable signal to enable the TX transceiver during transmissions.
The analog signal is converted to digital in PSoC. The output is serially transmitted to PIC Microcontroller. PIC microcontrollers are popular processors developed by Microchip Technology with built-in RAM, memory, internal bus, and peripherals that can be used for many applications. The project deals with microcontroller PIC18F which is programmed to run the stepper motor drive for this purpose IC ULNA is being used which control the rotation of stepper which in turn produce the corresponding movement on the robot arm.
The first robot's name was Electro and his dog's name was Sparko. They appeared at the New York world's fair in While plugged in, Elektro could say 77 words and move backwards and forwards.
In's, Karl Capek from Czechoslovakia introduced the words first robot on stage. The reason for choosing project is, the most extensively form of machine is used in most of the industries like car manufacturing, shipyards, assembling machine etc.
Microprocessors and microcontroller are widely used in embedded system products. An embedded system is a system which is dedicated for a single purpose remains unchanged through out its entire life time. An embedded product uses a microcontroller to do one task and one task only. Automation is the use of control system and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. Auto-motion first opened its doors in as a distributor of conveyors and conveyor accessories In the scope of industilization automation is a step beyond mechanisation.
The Robotic Arm that delivers fast accurate and repeatable movement. The robot features base rotation, shoulder, elbow and wrist motion, with a functional gripper to make five independent axis of movement. The Small lightweight gripper are added to hold the objects, Mobile base are used to enable the robot with the facility of free movement and Light sensors able to identify the objects and their colors. The electronics behind this is Micro controller once programmed with a set of predefined instructions will issue simple positioning commands for movement.
The intelligent control software, which has been developed using high-level graphical programming language of visual basic.
In other word the Micro controller will provide the control pulses to the servos. It is also noticeable that these commands could be issued from the PSoC and it is to our intention to design a user friendly software able to do so. The robot was fully controlled by the PSoC and the commands from the PSoC were received by the microcontroller A man from a remote place of about ten to fifteen metres can operate the robot.
All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. It provides facilities for carrying out secure communications. The microcontroller used here is pic16F which has a harvard architecture. A complete solution of a robot control solution is presented in this project.
This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms. This project describes a new economical solution of robot control systems. The presented robot control system can be used for different sophisticated robot applications. The three axis arm was used for industial application earlier,which was used for pick and place operation.
Telephone operated pick and place robot was used for operating the telephone calls. The robot was fully controlled by the PC and the commands from the PC were received by the microcontroller A man from a remote place of about ten to fifteen metres can operate the robot.
PC will send the commands to personal computer. The Micro controller will issue necessary commands so that the Robot is able to move identify the color of a required object grip that object and perform the required command using the 5 axis arm ability.
It was made of 3 main components, Brain - usually a PSoC module, Actuators and mechanical parts: motor, pistons, grippers, wheels, and gears. The robot featured base rotation, shoulder, elbow and wrist motion, with a functional gripper to make five independent axis of movement. No soldering was required for the electronics. With the exception of some basic construction supplies, all of the components are included to assemble a functional robot. A microcontroller is required to issue simple positioning commands for movement.
As an example the Robot could prepare a cup of tea. We intend to let the robot move grip a spoon, serves a required quantity of sugar and put it in a cup. Even though it have advantage it have some disadvantage too because of the use. The exception of some basic construction supplies, all of the components are included to assemble a functional. The servomotor because it is high cost due to its lack of demand and also the price of rare earth magnets.
The other main drawback is that the controlling the speed of a servomotor is more complex than controlling a DC motor. Where as the speed of an DC motor can be controlled by changing the applied DC voltage. This drawbacks can be overcome in future by the use of advanced technology. The DC motor cannot be damaged by mechanical overload.
It has high output power relative to motor size and weight. The DC motor is replaced by servomotor we can have a system which is more flexible in movement. The flex sensor is a sensor that decreases its resistance in proportion to the amount it is bent in either direction. Sensor can be made wider and longer depending upon your application.
Flex sensors are analog resistors. They work as variable analog voltage dividers. Inside the flex sensor are carbon resistive elements within a thin flexible substrate.
More carbon means less resistance. When the substrate is bent the sensor produces a resistance output relative to the bend radius. With a typical flex sensor, a flex of 0 degrees will give 10K resistance will a flex of 90 will give 40K ohms. The Bend Sensor lists resistance of K ohms. Fig 4. The size of the materials listed is only a guideline to the sensor we are constructing in this article. These types of sensors can be manufactured to larger widths and lengths.
It is thin copper cladding on a plastic material substrate like acetate. The material we are using is single sided copper. The material is easily cut with a scissors. Solder about 6" of wire to one end of each strip. Solder each wire to one corner side of the strip. The common elements of all the appropriate materials are that the material is somewhat conductive or resistive. The degree to which the material is resistive will determine the scale at which your flex sensor operates.
For the example here I am constructing here, I using conductive black plastic poly bags conductive bags used in the electrical industry. These bags are used to store components that are static sensitive. The bags are made from single layer of carbon-loaded polyethylene and its conductivity does not depend on humidity. PSoC is a software configured, mixed-signal array with a built-in Microcontroller unit core. The core is a Cypress proprietary, 8bit harward design called the M8C.
In addition to all the standard elements of 8-bit microcontrollers, PSoC chips feature digital and analog programmable blocks, which themselves allow implementation of large number of peripherals. Digital blocks consist of smaller programmable blocks that can be configured to allow different development options. Analog blocks are used for development of analog elements, such as analog filters, comparators, instrumentation non inverting amplifiers, as well as AD and DA convertors. There is a number of different PSoC families you can base your project upon, depending on the project requirements.
Number of components that can be devised is primarily a function of the available programmable blocks. Depending on the microcontroller family, PSoC chips have 4—16 digital blocks, and 3—12 analog programmable blocks.
Fig: 4. Their general structure with basic blocks is presented in the following image: Fig Frequency generator facilitates signals necessary for CPU to work, as well as an array of frequencies that are used by programmable blocks.
These signals could be based on internal or external referent oscillator. Reset controller enables microcontroller start action and brings a microcontroller to regular state in the case of irregular events. Watch Dog timer is used to detect software dead- loops. Sleep timer can periodically wake up microcontroller from power saving modes. It could be also used as a regular timer. Analog programmable blocks are used to configure analog components, like AD and DA converters, filters, DTMF receivers, programmable, instrumental, inverting, non-inverting and operational amplifiers.
Input-Output pins enable communication between the CPU unit, digital programmable blocks and outside world. Digital programmable blocks are used to configure digital programmable components which are selected by user operations in the case of interrupts. MAC unit is used for operations of hardware signed multiplication of 8-bit numbers.
SMP is a system which can be used as a part of a voltage regulator. For example, it is possible to supply power to a PSoC microcontroller from a single 1. PICs are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists alike due to their low cost, wide availability, large user base, and extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, and serial programming and re-programming with flash memory capability.
The instruction set includes instructions to perform a variety of operations on registers directly, the accumulator and a literal constant or the accumulator and a register, as well as for conditional execution, and program branching. Some operations, such as bit setting and testing, can be performed on any numbered register, but bi-operand arithmetic operations always involve W the accumulator, writing the result back to either W or the other operand register.
To load a constant, it is necessary to load it into W before it can be moved into another register. PIC cores have skip instructions which are used for conditional execution and branching. The skip instructions are 'skip if bit set' and 'skip if bit not set'. Because cores before PIC18 had only unconditional branch instructions, conditional jumps are implemented by a conditional skip with the opposite condition followed by an unconditional branch.
Skips are also of utility for conditional execution of any immediate single following instruction. PIC has two stage pipelie they run simultaneously to improve speed. The instruction fetch stage gets the next instruction machine code from program memory. The execution stage does whatever the machine code calls. CCP pins that can be configured as: - Capture input: capture is bit,max. Block diagram of pic 18f 4. Unlike the 17 series, it has proven to be very popular, with a large number of device variants presently in manufacture.
The 18 series inherits most of the features and instructions of the 17 series, while adding a number of important new features are given like much deeper call stack 31 levels deep, the call stack may be read and written ,conditional branch instructions, indexed addressing mode ,extending the FSR registers to 12 bits, allowing them to linearly address the entire data address space,the addition of another FSR register bringing the number up to 3 number.
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This may even cause dreadful diseases. Problem Statement- To implement a smart bin built on a microcontroller based platform Arduino Uno board which is interfaced with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor which can gives the status of the waste present in the dustbin to the municipal authority. Bluetooth is a wireless networking standard that is aimed at remote control and sensor applications which is suitable for operation in harsh radio environments and in isolated locations.
But, the main disadvantages of Bluetooth is short range, low complexity, and low data speed. Therefore, GSM is more advantages over Bluetooth for communication. Hence author use GS modem. It accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.
When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to communicate over the mobile network. GSM Modem sends and receives data through radio waves. In this project GSM modem is used to send the messages which is shown in figure 2. The power supply circuit is also built in the module that can be turn ON by using a suitable adaptor. Fig 1: GSM The block diagram of transmitter section. Level detector consists of IR sensors which is used to detect the level of the garbage in the dustbin.
The output of level detector is given to microcontroller. Four IR sensors are used to indicate the different levels of the amount of the garbage collected in the dustbin which is placed in public area. When the dustbin is filled up to the highest level, the output of fourth IR receiver becomes active low.
This output is given to microcontroller to send the message to the Control room via GSM module as shown in below. At receiver, control room is present where all the activities are managing. The number of the control room is depending on the dustbins present in the area. The person sitting in the control room monitors the entire system.
A GSM Module is connected to the computer of the control room through microcontroller. The entire system is monitor by the person sitting in the control room. The same GSM Module is used to send the message to the contractor for cleaning the dustbin. This GUI will be displayed on the computer screen in the control room to display the status of the garbage level in the dust bin as shown in below.
If motion is detected the lid of dustbin is opened, the servo motor activates and as GSM connected it will send an alert message to user if dustbin is filled. Dustbin placed in public place, people throw garbage in dustbin, place the ultrasonic sensor in top of the garbage bin.
Line follower robot senses black line by using sensor and then sends the signal to Arduino. Then Arduino drives the motor according to sensors' output. Working of line follower Here in this project we are using two IR sensor modules namely left sensor and right sensor. When both left and right sensor senses white then robot move forward. The study first analyses the spatial distribution of dustbins in some areas of Dhaka city using average nearest neighbor functions of GIS.
Remarkably, the spatial circulation of the current dustbins has appeared to be dominatingly in clustered pattern. Next, an optimal number of additional dustbins were calculated. It is shown that the number of existing dustbins is insufficient in the study area.
The extent of pollution caused by the existing dustbins was calculated using spatial analyst functions of GIS. It is found that all the dustbins are burnt with wastes and causing pollution to the environment. The results thus obtained would help to understand the present situation of the waste management of Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. The container is divided into three levels of garbage being collected in it.
Every time the garbage crosses a level the sensors receives the data of the filled level. This data is further sent to the garbage analyzer as instant message using GSM module. Placing three ultrasonic sensors at three different levels of the container may be a disadvantage as the cost of the dustbin increases due to the sensors and also the sensors can be damaged due to the rough action by the users.
In an SGS, battery-based smart garbage bins SGBs exchange information with each other using wireless mesh networks, and a router and server collect and analyze the information for service provisioning. Furthermore, the SGS includes various IoT skills considering user convenience and increases the battery lifetime through two types of energy-efficient operations of the SGBs: stand-alone operation and cooperation based operation.
The authors in [7] has built a framework in which a Camera will be set at each garbage collection point alongside load cell sensor at base of the trash can. The camera will take continuous snapshots of the garbage can. A threshold level is set which compares the output of camera and load sensor. The comparison is done with help of microcontroller. After analyzing the image an idea about level of garbage in the can and from the load cell sensor, weight of garbage can be known.
Accordingly, information is processed that is controller checks if the threshold level is exceeded or not. This is convenient to use but economically not reliable 3. Requirement Specification- Smart bin is built on Arduino board platform. Arduino 2. GSM 3. PIR Sensor 4. Ultrasonic Sensor 5. Breadboard 7. Connecting wires 1. Arduino- Arduino is an open source, computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world.
Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-yourself kits. Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers.
The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus USB on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.
The Uno board and version 1. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards.
How does Arduino calculate time?
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